Wheat Diseases And Pests Pdf

The cereal grain wheat is subject to numerous wheat diseases, including bacterial, viral and fungal diseases, as well as parasitic infestations.

Principal diseases[edit]

• Barley yellow dwarf virus, BYDV
• Brown rustPuccinia recondita
• Common bunt (aka Covered smut) Tilletia caries
• ErgotClaviceps purpurea
• EyespotPseudocercosporella herpitrichoides
• Glume blotchSeptoria nodorum
• septoria leaf blotchMycosphaerella graminicola, synonyms: Septoria tritici, Zymoseptoria tritici
• MildewErysiphe graminis
• Seedling blightFusarium spp., Septoria nodorum
• Sharp eyespotRhizoctonia cerealis
• Spot blotchBiplolaris sorokiana
• Take-allGaeumannomyces graminis
• Tan spotPyrenophora tritici-repentis
• Yellow rustPuccinia striiformis

Common Plant Diseases and Pests 0 What is plant disease? 0 Late Blight of tomato and potato 0 Other Common Diseases of Vegetables and Ornamentals 0 Snow mold on lawns. 0 Wheat stem rust 0 Barberry and wheat 0 Ash rust 0 Cordgrass and ash 0 Oat crown rust 0 Buckthorn and oat.

In Europe[edit]

Cereals are at risk from numerous diseases due to the level of intensification necessary for profitable production since the 1970s. More recently varietal diversification, good plant breeding and the availability of effective fungicides have played a prominent part in cereal disease control. Use of break crops and good rotations are also good cultural control measures. The demise of UK straw burning in the 1980s also increased the importance of good disease control.

Ressler, Karen (2018-12-20). Bakugan battle brawlers full episode free download. Retrieved 2018-10-10. Anime News Network.

Active control measures include use of chemical seed treatments for seed-borne diseases and chemical spray applications for leaf and ear diseases. Development of resistance by diseases to established chemicals has been a problem during the previous 30 years.

In the USA[edit]

Wheat is subject to more diseases than other grains, and, in some seasons, especially in wet ones, heavier losses are sustained from those diseases than are in other cereal crops. Wheat may suffer from the attack of insects at the root; from blight, which primarily affects the leaf or straw, and ultimately deprives the grain of sufficient nourishment; from mildew on the ear; and from gum of different shades, which lodges on the chaff or cups in which the grain is deposited.

Fungicides[edit]

Fungicides used on wheat, grouped by type, with examples of the active chemical ingredient:

• Benzimidazoles
• Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors
• Morpholines
• Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI)
  • Succinate-analogue inhibitors
  • Ubiquinone type inhibitors
    • boscalid, a pyridine-carboxamide^[1]
    • fluopyram, a pyrimide (pyridinyl ethylbenzamide)^[2]
    • fluxapyroxad, a pyrazole-carboxamide^[3]
    • oxycarboxin, oxathiin-carboxamide^[4]
• Strobylurines
• Phthalonitriles

References[edit]

1. ^'Wheat disease management guide'(PDF). HGCA, Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board. 2012. Archived(PDF) from the original on 28 October 2014.
2. ^'Cereals/Seed Treatment Trials: Efficacy of seed treatment fungicides in spring barley and spring wheat'(PDF). MTT Agrifood Research Finland. 23 November 2012. Archived(PDF) from the original on 28 October 2014.
3. ^Smith, J.; Grimmer, M.; Waterhouse, S. & Paveley, N. (2013). 'Quantifying the non-fungicidal effects of foliar applications of fluxapyroxad (Xemium) on stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and yield in winter wheat'. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences. 78 (3): 523–535.Abstract
4. ^Rowell, J. B. (1976). 'Controlof Leaf Rust on Spring Wheat by Seed Treatment with 4-N-butyl-1.2.4-triazole'(PDF). Phytopathology. 66 (9): 1129–1134. doi:10.1094/phyto-66-1129. Archived(PDF) from the original on 5 February 2012.

Further reading[edit]

• Cook, R. James and Veseth, Roger (1991) Wheat Health Management APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, ISBN978-0-89054-111-1
• Gair, R,; Jenkins, J. E. E.; Lester, E. and Bassett, Peter (1987) Cereal Pests and Diseases (4th edition) Farming Press, Ipswich, England, ISBN978-0-85236-164-1
• Sharma, Indu (editor) (2012). Disease Resistance in Wheat CABI, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, ISBN978-1-84593-818-5, Google books

External links[edit]

• Wheat Diseases and Pests: A Guide for Field Identification Excellent color guide from CIMMYT
• USDA Cereal Disease Laboratory Many information resources
• CropMonitor - UK Resource for in-season wheat disease control Excellent tool for agronomists and growers